Reflects on the Society in Gullivers Travels Essays

Reflects on the Society in Gullivers Travels Essays Reflects on the Society in Gullivers Travels Paper Reflects on the Society in Gullivers Travels Paper Reflects on the Society in Gullivers Travels Jonathan Swift wrote Gullivers Travels in 1762 with the intent of providing entertainment for people. Entertainment through satire was what Swift had in mind. In Gullivers Travels, Jonathan Swift traveled to four different foreign countries, each representing a corrupt part of England. Swift criticized the corruption of such parts and focused on the government, society, science, religion and man. Not only did Swift criticize the customs of each country, he mocked the naive man who was unable to figure out the double meaning of things. When reading Gullivers Travels, reflects upon plot, characters, settings, theme, point of view, conflicts, climax, resolution, symbolism and figurative language will be of great help to comprehend the ideas portrayed throughout the novel as well as how Swift developed the story. I. Settings of Gullivers Travels The setting plays an important role in all novels, but in Gulliver’s Travels, one must take into consideration that the four different parts of the book have separate settings. The first setting was more or less on an island called Lilliput where Gulliver cast ashore due to a ship wrecks on November 5, 1699. The setting of the second part in the novel happened to be upon his arrival at another island which Gulliver had wished to inspect for water. The third part of the book consisted of many different little scenes where Gulliver’s experience on an island called Laputa was pictured first. The fourth and also the last part of the book took place in the country of Houyhnhnms 1711. II. Discussion of Characters a) The Main Character Gulliver, main character in the novel, used to be a well educated sailor who was recommended to be a surgeon later. Traveling around the world and exploring new places, Gulliver had met many new cultures and civilizations. He wore clothes uncommon in 1700s and had long hair which sometimes restricted him from turning his head. Gulliver was a sophisticated character and this could be seen when he referred to past experiences during an adventure. However, by the end of Book II in Gullivers Travels, it was very clear that the character of Gulliver was not the same man who wrote the letter in the beginning of the story. In fact, he was not the same man he was in Book I. From the onset of Gullivers Travels, Swift created for us a seemingly competent character and narrator in Gulliver from whom we could learn how adventures have changed him and his perception of people. Gulliver is an entirely credible and probable person as well as the one being the instrument for Swifts satire. In his incredible circumstances, Gulliver proved himself resourceful and observant of his surroundings, thus he could change in accordance with the places he visited and the events he witnessed. As a traveler in Lilliput, he was careful in observations and complete in descriptions. Occupied as he was with the surface of things, we see Gullivers problem of not seeing with eyes wide open wane his judgment of character, making him become more and more narrow-minded as the story proceeded. On the whole, Gulliver is a very frustrating character to deal with for a number of reasons. For example, he is not steady. This unsteadiness as a narrator leads us to question the validity of what Gulliver told us, which means that we have to be on our guard against what he said. This Gulliver is not, by any means, a wholly allegorical character but as much an individual as the next person. In certain ways, Gulliver proved to be more resilient than the ordinary man was by managing to survive the disastrous shipwrecks and people so foreign they might as well be aliens. Still in other ways Gulliver is a naive person, bereft of decency and consideration. b) Other Minor Characters In Gullivers Travels, there were many minor characters more easily referred to in the names of their peoples. They were: the small Lilliputians, the giant Brobdingnags, the creatures at Lugnagg and Balnibarbi islands of Laputa and Blubdrubdrib, and finally the Yahoos and Houyhnhnms. III. Study of the Context ) Satires of English Politics In Gullivers first travel where he visited Lilliput, Gulliver was faced with the minute people called Lilliputians. Now while this was the premise for a fantasy story, Swift used the events within to make severe criticisms of England between reigns of Queen Anne and George ?. The people of Lilliput were about six inches tall and their size signified that their mot ives, acts, and humanity were the same dwarfish. The political parties of the British government were represented by the conservative High Heels who depicted the Tories and the progressive Low Heels, or Whigs. As their names, the distinguishing mark of the parties was the height of their heels. Within these two parties, Swift criticized the English political parties, and the Prince of Wales. Swift also mocked the religion war that was going on in England through the use of war between Lilliput and its nearest neighbor, Blefuscu. Swift also used terms High Heels and Low Heels to compare the meaningless battles of the Whigs and Tories, such as the height of heels. b) Filthy Characteristics of Man With Gullivers next travel, we find him in Brobdingnag. His voyage showed us the filthily mental and physical characteristics of man. Here, Gulliver was confronted with an adult nurse who repulsively revealed her breasts to Gulliver. This reminded him of how the Lilliputians found his skin full of craterlike pores and stumps of hair growing from them. The odor of the immense creatures was offending and it caused Gulliver to recall the fact that the Lilliputians were also offended of his body odor. In Laputa, Gulliver was confronted with the old age Struldbuggs which looked utterly hideous due to an old age and the deterioration of their bodies. The Yahoos from the land of Houyhnhnms were filthy, uncivilized creatures who used their own dung as a weapon. In these descriptions, Swift criticized both the moral and physical corruption of man. c) Society’s Unrealistic Ideas Gullivers third voyage to the floating island of Laputa was one of the most satirical of the whole book. In this voyage Swift criticized the Royal Society of England, saying it was composed of useless philosophers, inventors and scientists. The floating island signified that the inhabitants were composed of the same airy constitution as the environment. Projects done by such people were summed up by the Universal Artist who directed his followers to turn useful things into the exact opposite, resulting in useless achievements. Some of the experiments held were to create tangible air, wool-less sheep and horses with stone hooves. The flying island itself expressed not only the desertion on the common earth of reality but their conversion of the universe to a mechanism and of living to a mechanical process. IV. Analysis of Specific Scenes a) On the Lilliput Island On Lilliput Island, Gulliver seemed to be eminently fair-minded compared to the cunning, vindictive, petty Lilliputians. Literally a giant in their land, Gulliver never took unfair advantage of his size in his dealing with them. Though they were violent with him, he never retaliated. He was frequently injured, as the kings dwarf took out his frustrations on Gulliver. But the latter was an improvement from his job as a freak at village fairs. In this section, the royal palace was accidentally set on fire, containing the empress inside. Instead of making his way across town, to the ocean, and squashed the people of Lilliput as he went, Gulliver made use of his urine to save the palace. While this vulgar episode was a display of bravery, it infuriated the emperor, causing revenge to be vowed on Gulliver. Rather than be happy for that both the emperor and the palace were not in ruin, the littleness of the government and the people in general was displayed in this act. Another display of this was the fact that Gulliver had been used as the Emperors absolute weapon, but the emperor only used him to conquer his world of two islands, which had made the emperors ambition seemed extremely low. b) On the Land of Houyhnhnms In the fourth part of the novel, Gulliver traveled to the land of the Houyhnhnms and came across a pack of Yahoos and was instantly appalled by them. There he quoted, Upon the whole, I never beheld in all my travels so disagreeable and animal, or one against which I naturally conceived so strong an antipathy. † This statement was of best ironic, for Gulliver never saw the resemblances between the Yahoos and himself. Afterwards, he encountered the rational Houyhnhnms and he immediately realized the common characteristics he had in common with the Yahoos. The Yahoos were portrayed as savage animals with human characteristics, which was the biggest mockery of mankind in the whole book. The Yahoos were so greedy that they would fight over enough food to feed an entire army of fifty soldiers just to keep it to themselves. They would poison their own bodies by sucking a root, similar to alcohol, to reach a high. The female population of the Yahoos was also given characteristics of ladies of the royal stature. Their gestures of hiding behind bushes and trees as well as looking at the passing-by males gave the impression of a woman hiding her face behind a fan while looking flirtatiously over her shoulder. The smell associated with the female Yahoos was similar to the perfume ladies wear to attract men. By the time Gulliver returned to England, he became completely antisocial, disgusted by the sight of his own wife and children. Gullivers desire to become a Houyhnhnm gave the reader an impression that he was a pathetic man who strived to become someone he could never be. ) Interpretation of the Theme Many critics who criticized Gullivers Travels had used the word â€Å"extraneous† more than once. Swift was viewed as an insane person who was a failure in life. But this was far from the truth, for the theme of this story is how human nature and reason reflect society. Written from real experience, Gullivers Travels is assigned to students for years. It’s Swifts experience of the Tories and their conflicts with the Whigs caused him to write such work to mock religious beliefs, government or people with views differed from his own. Broadly, the book has three themes: satirical views of the state of European government, and of petty differences between religions; an inquiry into whether men are inherently corrupt or whether they become corrupted; a restatement of the ancients versus moderns controversy. Bibliography and Website * * Jonathan Swift, Gulliver’s Travels Penguin Books Ltd (UK), 2007 * Ronald Knowles, Gulliver’s Travels: the Politics of Satires Twayne Publishers, 1996 * Wikipedia-http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/main_page

Positive vs. Normative Analysis

Positive vs. Normative Analysis While economics is largely an academic discipline, it is quite common for economists to act as business consultants, media analysts, and advisers on government policy. As a result, its very important to understand when economists are making objective, evidence-based statements about how the world works and when they are making value judgments about what policies should be enacted or what business decisions should be made. Positive Analysis Descriptive, factual statements about the world are referred to as positive statements by economists. The term positive isnt used to imply that economists always convey good news, of course, and economists often make very, well, negative-positive statements. Positive analysis, accordingly, uses scientific principles to arrive at objective, testable conclusions. Normative Analysis On the other hand, economists refer to prescriptive, value-based statements as normative statements. Normative statements usually use factual evidence as support, but they are not by themselves factual. Instead, they incorporate the opinions and underlying morals and standards of those people making the statements. Normative analysis refers to the process of making recommendations about what action should be taken or taking a particular viewpoint on a topic. Examples of Positive vs. Normative The distinction between positive and normative statements is easily shown via examples. The statement: The unemployment rate is currently at 9 percent. is a positive statement, since it conveys factual, testable information about the world. Statements such as: The unemployment rate is too high.The government must take action in order to reduce the unemployment rate. are normative statements, since they include value judgments and are of a prescriptive nature. Its important to understand that, despite the fact that the two normative statements above are intuitively related to the positive statement, they cannot be logically inferred from the objective information provided. (In other words, they dont have to be true given that the unemployment rate is at 9 percent.) How to Effectively Disagree With an Economist People seem to like disagreeing with economists (and, in fact, economists often seem to enjoy disagreeing with one another), so its important to understand the distinction between positive and normative in order to disagree effectively. To disagree with a positive statement, one must bring other facts to the table or question the economists methodology. In order to disagree with the positive statement about unemployment above, for example, one would have to make the case that the unemployment rate isnt actually 9 percent. One could do this either by providing different unemployment data or by performing different calculations on the original data. To disagree with a normative statement, one can either dispute the validity of the positive information used to reach the value judgment or can argue the merits of the normative conclusion itself. This becomes a more murky type of debate  since there is no objective right and wrong when it comes to normative statements. In a perfectly organized world, economists would be pure scientists who perform only positive analysis and exclusively convey factual, scientific conclusions, and policymakers and consultants would take the positive statements and develop normative recommendations. In reality, however, economists often play both of these roles, so its important to be able to distinguish fact from opinion, i.e. positive from normative.

An analysis on Alexander the Great's effect on government in Ancient Research Paper

An analysis on Alexander the Great's effect on government in Ancient Greece - Research Paper Example He has not planned well ahead in keeping his empire stable and united after his death, but during his life, he instituted changes that amalgamated his subjects, whom many treated and accepted him as their new king. He is perceived as a Machiavellian leader, acting as both lion and fox. This paper explores Alexander the Great’s effect on the government of Ancient Greece from the time he was born until the time he died. His main impacts is that he ruled as a general and as a king, with both ruthlessness and compassion, personally involved himself in designing great cities, encouraged pluralism and co-leadership in his troops and citizenry. Alexander the Great established the kind of government that is ruthless and compassionate at the same time. As an emperor, he is more of a general than a king and he left the administration of his subjugated territories to his own men and some appointed local citizens. Aristotle taught Alexander the Great and from the former’s writings, it seems that Alexander has chosen the kind of leader who is more of a general than an administrator, a king fit for the â€Å"heroic times† (Aristotle Book 3, chapter XV). Alexander is prominent for his savage treatment of male inhabitants of some conquered lands, where hundreds or thousands are slaughtered by his men (Alexander 46). Still, Alexander is also a sympathetic general. Compassion is one trait that not all generals have, but which Alexander shows with great emphasis to his men. First, he represents the kind of general who cared for equal training among officers and soldiers. Alexander himself grew not under the auspices of royal care, but under the rigorous training of his father, a tactical war genius himself, King Philip. Caroline Alexander describes the upbringing of Alexander: â€Å"Although the son of a king, his upbringing was Spartan† (46). Alexander used to express that his concept of breakfast was a â€Å"long march at night,† and â€Å"of supper, a light breakfast† (Alexander 46). Alexander grew under the eyes and training of professional soldiers and hunters, from he directly learned a cherished Iliad worldview: â€Å"Glory in war was life's highest honor† (Alexander 46). Alexander then also believes that officers and their troops must receive the same training, because the troops will follow a leader more, if he can perform what he expects from his own people. Caroline Alexander interviews Adm. Ray Smith who confirms this belief as part of the Navy SEALs regime training: â€Å"We have learned that the key to leadership under the toughest possible circumstances is that officers and men undergo the same training,† because it is reasonable that â€Å"Men know their officer is not asking them to do anything he couldn't do, or hasn't done† (Alexander 46). Alexander follows this code to the ground; he makes sure he is the best soldier himself. He leads his cavalry charge at Granicus, for insta nce, using a prominent white-plumed helmet. Second, Alexander rules with compassion to his own men. He demonstrates empathy for wounded soldiers and this empathy is part of the Macedonian warrior code (Alexander 47). Arrian, the second century A.D. Greek historian whose report of Alexander's campaigns is seen as one of the best of the ancient sources, says: â€Å"For the wounded he showed deep concern† (Alexander 47). Arrian writes: â€Å"He visited them all and examined their wounds, asking each man how and in what circumstances his

Sustainability in visual imagery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Sustainability in visual imagery - Essay Example Communicating and highlighting the benefits and advantages of purchasing products with the lowest environmental impact is particularly noticeable in visual imagery which we face on a daily basis. The purpose of this paper is to explore and analyze such images and investigate how they can shape consumers’ perception of sustainability in the context of furniture design. Over the course of the past decade, furniture as one of the most important elements of every interior, has witnessed a remarkable development and improvement in its design, often leading towards more environmentally friendly models. Research in a form of photographs, advertisements and illustrations has been collected through a visit to a sustainable furniture showroom, from current publications, including newspapers, magazines and books followed by internet websites in order to explore recent eco-friendly furniture designs and to investigate how sustainable they are in reality. In order to further explore this s ubject, a comprehensive literature review has been conducted and included in the study, to assess, analyze and understand various key concepts in the field of furniture design as it pertains to visual imagery and sustainability. Certain case studies – in the form of examples of existing concepts, from various parts of the globe are also included to broaden the understanding on the subject on hand, and reaffirm the claims made in the paper. A small selection of images has been chosen for further investigation and its analysis will be based on three methods of reading images –compositional interpretation, and semiology. Perception of sustainability and the methods used in visual portrayal of sustainable furnishings to alter opinions as the main focus of this paper have been explored in separate chapters to give a detailed insight into the subject matter. Related findings of other researchers, as explored in the literature review as well as through case studies, will be i ncluded as valuable support for this paper. The intended practical output of this study is an advice booklet available to public to help make best environmentally sound choices when buying furniture. A challenge of recommending seemingly unsustainable materials will be undertaken as an attempt to change public perception. Chapter 1 – Contemporary Concerns over Sustainability: Key Concepts It is commonly known that the quality of the environment has enormous influence on our behavior and physical and physiological wellbeing. We need the natural life-giving resources that only the biosphere can provide: clean air and water, soil in which to grow our crops, resources to maintain our industrial lifestyle that in turn generates wealth to support the development of technology. Unfortunately rapid technological progress and the excessive use of the planet’s resources over the course of the past centuries have resulted in extremely high levels of consumption and environmental damage which now threatens the long-term continuation of our existence. Although it is believed that the reasons for our depleted and polluted planet are fairly complex, it is undeniable that designers and design industry in general are co-responsible with others for this alarming situation. It is therefore inevitable that design responds to the environment and

Manhood, Power and Respect instead of Childhood Essay Example for Free

Manhood, Power and Respect instead of Childhood Essay Dave Saunders is the main character of the story, the Theme of the Story is â€Å"Looking for Maturity, Respect and Power†. He is tired of been treated as a child, wants to spend his money to whatever he wants, because his mom holds his money, so he just wants to prove to the others that he is a Man. One day he decided to go the local store to buy a gun, which is the store of Mistah Joe, he ask Joe for a catalog, once he gets the catalog he went back home, his mom sees the catalog, and she doesn’t let him to buy, but after he tells her that the house needs a gun and also that he’s going to give the gun to his dad, she gives $2 for him to buy it. Next day he goes to Mistah Joe store to buy the gun, after buying it he goes to the field to admire the pistol. Next day of work, his is so excited that now his has a gun, he takes jenny the mule and goes far away, so he can test the gun, but accidentally he killed jenny. However, when everybody finds out that he is lying about jenny death, he decided to escape and leave all behind. And the story started like this. Dave Saunders 17 years-old, works at Mr. Hawkins fields, there is the place he makes his own money, and also when he begins his desire to get older, powerful and more respect. One day after he works at Mr. Hawkins fields he was heading home and thinking about the discussion that he had with others field hands that day, and also tired of being treated as a child. He resolves to get a gun for himself, so he can show more power to the others. Instead going home he goes to the local store that they offer a mail-catalog, which is the store of Mistah Joe, when he gets there he asks Mistah Joe for a gun, Mistah Joe Surprised says to Dave â€Å"ain’t nothing but a boy,† (Richard Wright) and he does not need a gun, but he nevertheless offer to sell an old pistol left-hand fully loaded for $2 dollars, Dave goes to his house so excited to ask his mom for $2 dollars to purchase the gun, but when he gets to his house Mrs. Saunders is angry because he has kept the dinner waiting, he sits down and Mrs. Saunders sees the catalog in his arm, and she sizes it, she takes the catalog and tells him to go wash his hands, when he comes back, Dave was so infatuated with the catalog that he did not notice that his father had spoken to him and his food is in front of him. But he knows if he asks his father the money the answer would be a straight NO, and he thinks that his mother is a little easier to persuade. But when he starts a conversation with her, she tells him â€Å"git outta here! Don yuh talk t me bout no gun! Yuh a fool! (Richard Wright), but Dave states that the family needs a gun and after he buys it he will give to his father, Mrs. Saunders agrees to buy the gun but with one condition, as soon as he buys the gun it has to come straight to her possession and also make him promise that he will do it as she said. The first thing he does in the next morning is go to the Mistah Joe store and purchase the gun, while he comes back home, he stops in the field just to play with the gun and he starts shooting imagery objects, afterwards he gets home, he breaks his promise because he hide the gun under his pillow and tells his Mrs. Saunders that the pistol is hidden outside, and it is not true. He leaves his house very early in the morning, ties the pistol in his leg with a piece of flannel and goes to Mr. Hawkins field, he hooks up Jenny the mule and go plow the field far away so he can practicing shooting the gun and no one would hear it, but a fatality happened, he shot Jenny at his first shoot, when he realizes that Jenny is been shot he tried to plug dirty into the bullet hole to stop bleeding, but Jenny soon dies, he is frightened about what happened, he goes back to Mr. Hawkins and trying to tell a believable story about Jenny’s death, afterward someone finds Jenny and Dave make up a story that Jenny had something wrong and all of sudden fell on the point of the plow, but Mrs. Saunders knows it’s a lie, Dave is forced to tell the truth, when he assumed that he killed Jenny, Mr. Hawkins tells him that he has to pay $50 dollars for the mule, and he will take $2 dollars every month of his salary until he pays the $50 dollars. Dave feels annoyed because he has to pay back the mule, also very upset because all the others think he is a child more now than ever before. He decides to leave the city, by doing this he will leave all behind, his childhood and he will become a man as his desire. Dave Saunders is a boy that wants to get the power, the respect, the manhood and also the maturity that most of the men have. The gun seems to symbolize all this to Dave’s eyes, but it’s been showed that is just a phony imagination. Work Cited Richard Wright’s Parody of the Hunt Tradition in â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man†(Fall 1986). Detroit: Gale Group, 2000

The Benefits of Algae :: Environment Nature Ecology Essays Papers

The Benefits of Algae How often also does a human use or eat algae in his daily life? When most people think of algae, they probably think of something that is slimy, gross, and dirty. Algae may irritate people because it grows in unwanted places like swimming pools and boats. Algae can be toxic and it is slimy, but algae benefits people in all aspects of life. Humans obtain algin from algae to help make ice cream, pudding, face cream, and shoe polish. Algae is present in hamburgers, yoghurt, and cakes. Algae also helps make explosives, insulation, and paint. Algae produces most of the oxygen that animals breathe and without it the world would suffocate. Also, according to Helen Challand, "It is now believed that the oil and gas formed millions of years ago in the ground were created by algae" (20). What if the world could find a way to dispose of sewage, produce food, and purify bodies of water at the same time? The Aztecs have proven that this idea is possible. Lake Texcoco flowed near the Aztec civilization. The Aztecs disposed of their waste in the lake. The human waste added nitrogen to the water. The nitrogen helped algae to grow, and then the algae performed photosynthesis. Photosynthesis gives off oxygen, and oxygen purifies polluted water. The Aztec's also abstracted the algae from the lake and used it for food. Certain types of algae like red and green algae are edible. Many cultures have eaten seaweed for centuries. Wendy O'Leary Dunn states, "They think of seaweed as a vegetable and eat it as we eat broccoli or spinach" (18). Therefore, when humans dispose of their waste in bodies of water, they help algae grow. Then, the algae cleans the water and they can eat the algae. The process of disposing waste, producing food, and purifying bodies of water is useful today. For example, communities that live in the desert, like in the southwestern United States and in the Middle East, can use this process to farm and survive. They can use the newly purified water for their crops or for their own consumption. In addition, when algae purifies water, it releases oxygen.

Principles of Anatomy and Physiology Essay

A tissue is an assemblage of similar cells and cell products performing a specific activity and are located in different organs of the body. Tissues form the building blocks of an organism. They are composed of individual cells which consequently are composed of several organelles. There are four types of tissues in animals and they include the epithelial, muscular, nervous and connective tissue. The images of the various tissue types as viewed under a light microscope have been attached below. The Epithelial tissue covers the body surface and is also the lining for most internal cavities. The skin is an example of an organ made up of this tissue. They are either columnar, squamous or cuboidal in shape. The major functions of epithelial tissue are protection, absorption, filtration and secretion. This tissue is found in the kidney. The connective tissue is responsible for connecting various organs in our body. It is the most widely spread in the body. Examples include fat tissue, blood tissue, and dense fibrous tissue amongst others. The muscle tissue is responsible for muscular movement and coordination. There are three types and they include smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue. Smooth and cardiac muscle are involuntary meaning they do not require direct commands from the brain. Skeletal muscle on the other hand is under voluntary control and this means that it needs to be commanded on what to do. The nerve tissue is composed of cells that receive and conduct impulses to and from all parts of the body. It’s composed of organelles whose major task is to allow passage and receiving of information. Task 3. There are two classification of cells; prokaryotes and eukaryotes. By classifying under kingdoms, the prokaryote kingdom refers to bacteria while eukaryotes include animals, plants, fungi and protoctista. Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells are in-bound by membranes and a cytoskeleton. They have a ‘true’ nucleus that contains their DNA. The organelles in prokaryotes are not membrane bound. Most happen to be unicellular though some are multicellular. Prokaryotic cells are much older and diverse than eukaryotic cells as they’re believed to have been there for millions of years. The organelles found in both cells perform specific functions and influence the overall task of the tissue. The table below mentions certain organelles, their function and whether they are found in prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Organelle Function Cell Found Golgi Body Transports proteins from the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum to the cell membrane for export. Eukaryotes. Lysosome Contain digestive enzymes that break down unwanted chemicals toxins or even the entire cell. Eukaryotes. Cell Wall Separates the content of the cell from the outside environment and thus controlling the exit and entry of materials. Offers rigidity to the cell. Mostly found in Prokaryotes. Nucleus Contains DNA that carries the genes of the cell. It’s not membrane bound in prokaryotes or a nucleoid. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Ribosomes Responsible for protein synthesis. In Eukaryotes, they’re larger (80S) while in Prokaryotes, they are smaller (70S) type. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Endoplasmic Reticulum Form a transport highway within the cell allowing movement of molecules. Plays an important role in protein synthesis. Composed of RER and (Smooth endoplasmic reticulum) SER. Eukaryotes. Cytoskeleton Protein fibers extending through cells to offer support, transport and motility. Allows for cytoplasmic streaming. Eukaryotes. Mitochondria Allows for aerobic respiration. Provision of energy through the breakdown of glucose. Eukaryotes. Flagella Responsible for propelling and movement activities. It’s complex in eukaryotes and consists of two protein building blocks. Both prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. Task 4.Different cell components in a tissue influences the function of that tissue. As each has a specific role which it undertakes, the synchrony of these activities enable a tissue to perform the overall specialized task that it is supposed to handle. The number of various cell components will depend on the general function of the tissue. Cell differentiation is the process whereby a less specialized cell becomes more specialized. Differentiation occurs continually in a multicellular organism. It is important as it enables adult cells to give rise to daughter cells which in turn become specialized to perform a certain function. Each type of cell that develops creates tissue-specific proteins only available in that cell type. Cells need to have different structures as they perform different functions. During differentiation, the shape and structure of the cell changes. As stated earlier, the number of certain cell components/organelles in a tissue influences the overall role of the tissue. Take for example mitochondrion; structures that convert food energy into a form that can easily be used by cells. Through respiration, energy is released from glucose and is used for various body processes. Tissues that require large amounts of energy will always have a high number of mitochondrion. An example is the muscle tissue. The energy requirements of voluntary and involuntary muscles is high. This thus creates an energy deficit that is compensated by an increase in the number of mitochondrion in these tissues. Task 5.The muscle tissue is comprised of cells whose purpose is contraction. They contract upon receiving a stimulus by a chemical released at a nerve end known as a neuromuscular junction. All cells contain actin or myosin proteins in their filaments. There are three types of muscle tissue; cardiac, smooth and skeletal and each have their distinct characteristics. In skeletal and cardiac muscles, these filaments contain desmin resulting into refractile bands called cross-striations. Smooth muscle cells however are not highly ordered and thus are not striated. The different types of cells can be distinguished by their appearance as viewed under a microscope. This task will aim at differentiating between smooth muscles and cardiac muscle. The major difference is in the structure, function and location. Skeletal muscle tissue are attached to bones and is responsible for general body movements. They are cylindrical in shape and have voluntary control of activities. They have regularly spaced traverse bands and thus striated. The cells are syncytial; they are multinucleated since myoblasts fuse to make the adult muscle cell. The muscle cell is long and threadlike. The nuclei is rectangular in shape and is located in the periphery of the cell beneath the cell membrane. All muscle tissue is organized into bundles due to wrappings of individual muscle fibers, group muscle fibers and multiple muscle fibers to form a large muscle mass. On the other hand, the cardiac muscle tissue is found in the heart and is under involuntary control; contraction is not consciously controlled. Cardiac fibers form long chain of cells which branch and intertwine resulting into ‘wringing.’ Cells are cylindrical in shape with a central oval nucleus. The nuclei is rectangular in shape. Though cross striations are visible, they are not as prominent as those of skeletal muscle. The cardiac muscles are branched and are joined together by intercalated disks. Striations run across the cells at right angles. Reference Gerard, J. T. & Sandra, R., G. 2000. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J. et al. 2002. Molecular Biology of the Cell. (4th Ed.). Garland. Source document

Coming of Age Speech: Dragon Keeper by Carole Wilkinson

What defines ones personality? What moulds ones identity? Coming of age is a crucial phase in life. It’s the time where our character is shaped through challenges we face and experiences we encounter. Coming of age is displayed throughout the novel, Dragon Keeper by Carole Wilkinson. There are three main stages of coming of age; changes, gaining independence and sense of belonging. All these ideas are depicted in the novel using various language techniques. Change is the initial and most noticeable stage of coming of age. It occurs both physically and mentally, and it plays a major role in the configuration of characters. Change is displayed when Ping looks in the mirror for the first time in several months and thinks to herself â€Å" my rosy red cheeks have faded into a rich cream colour and my skin looks as soft as silk†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This combination of alliteration and a simile describes the physical changes that ping has undergone and it shows that as Ping began to face more challenges her rate of development increased as well as these physical changes ping was face with many mental changes. Independence is a pivotal attribute in order for survival. Independence is one of the hardest characteristics to gain in the novel. Ping gains independence at a relatively early stage. It is conspicuous that the idea of independence is expressed particularly in the scene where Ping meets her master. She makes it clear to him and I quote â€Å" im not that little girl anymore†¦ ive learnt to defend myself†. Belonging Is a vital factor to ensure an exultant and joyful life. It’s the time of realisation. Realising where you want to be and realising who you really needs you and who you really need. Ping gains that sense of belonging towards the end of her journey to Tai Shi Mountain she says, â€Å" I look back, I can’t believe it. Finally im here. I belong here. They need me here† There is a noticeable change in the length of the sentences in this quote. Coming of age is the most valuable and substantial stage in life. It is the time where personalities, characters and identifies are formed through challenges we encounter and experiences we face. Coming of age can be split into three main steps: the first is changes, the second being independence and the third sense of belonging. All these ideas are depicted throughout the novel as Ping faces a variety of events that configure her character as she comes of age. THANKYOU ( ( It tells the story of a young slave girl named ping who was adopted at a very young age by her sinister master. He treats her like she’s worthless and he takes advantage of her. Eventually, she gains the courage to flee from her master and sets out on a mystical, enlightening and dangerous journey. On this journey she comes across many challenges and experiences and her identity begins to form, all while she is going through the process of coming of age This represented by a mixture of juxtaposition and personification while ping is trapped in the dragons den. I quote â€Å"As I sit there in the dark of my thoughts I see light beginning to creep in and suddenly I feel this jolt. I know ill be free once again†. This quote describes pings spontaneous mental transformation. The ray of light represents that glimpse of hope that Ping gains. Both these physical and mental changes are key factors in order for Ping to come of age. These changes are climatical points in the definition of her character. These changes lead to Ping’s ability to gain independence. This quote contains an ellipse at mid- sentence. This allows the reader to stop and reflect on just how much Ping has changed. She metamorphosed from a helpless young youth to one independent young woman. Independence is an enormous milestone in the formation of identity and it is the primary step of coming of age before reaching a sense of belonging. They get significantly shorter and they’re repetitive. This exaggerates Pings excitement, She is hysterical just knowing that someone actually needs her. This sense of belonging is the concluding moment in Pings process of coming of age. It is the final piece that assists on the configuration of character.

Should You Prep for the PSAT 3 Reasons Why

Should You Prep for the PSAT 3 Reasons Why SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Even if prepping for the SAT or ACT isn't the most enjoyable of activities, it's easy to see why it's important to do well on these tests. Depending on your point of view, SAT and ACT scores are either tools that colleges use to help figure out if you're a good match for them and if you'll succeed at their schools...or are admissions gatekeepers that you have to conquer if you want to attend most American colleges*. By contrast, PSAT scores are never seen by colleges. Even if you get a perfect score on the PSAT, it's really only useful for helping you qualify for a National Merit Scholarship- something that only US citizens and permanent residents are eligible for. So why prep for the PSAT, and what do you need to know about PSAT prep if you're interested in trying it out? Keep reading to find out more about the pros and cons of focused PSAT prep (rather than joint PSAT/SAT prep) and what our PSAT prep recommendations are. *exceptions include test-optional schools and Hampshire. Why Take the PSAT? While the SAT (or ACT) is far, far more helpful to college applications than the PSAT, there still are good reasons to take the PSAT. We'll start with the most important reason: if taking the PSAT is required by your high school. If The PSAT Is Mandatory in Your School In some high schools (particularly public high schools), the PSAT is mandatory for all students. Sometimes, this just means that you'll have to take the PSAT NMSQT the fall of your junior year. Depending on your school, however, you may also have to take the PSAT NMSQT or PSAT 10 sophomore year, and indeed some students start taking PSAT-like-exams (PSATLE?) as early as 8th grade with the PSAT 8/9. Dealing with all these extra standardized tests is kind of a pain as a student, but from the high school's point of view, the PSAT is a good way to see if students are on track for college applications. No matter what point of view you look at it from, though, if it's mandatory to take the PSAT at your school, then you'll have to take the PSAT. What if, though, you don't fall into this category? Perhaps you could take the PSAT but you'd have to go to a different school to take it, or your school offers the PSAT but doesn't require students take it- should you take it anyway? In these cases, the PSAT is still worth taking for the following two reasons. Taking the PSAT Is Mandatory to Qualify for National Merit You may know that another name for the PSAT students take in the fall of 11th (and sometimes 10th) grade is the PSAT NMSQT (or National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test). That's because the only way to qualify for a National Merit Scholarship is through taking the PSAT NMSQT as a high school junior. National Merit Scholarships are merit-based (rather than need-based) awards given to students who have (through testing and other factors) qualified as National Merit Finalists. The competition for National Merit is open to high school students who: are enrolled and progressing normally towards graduation (basically, you plan to graduate high school in four years, not more or less) plan to enroll full time in college the fall after high school (no gap years!) are US citizens or US lawful permanent residents planning to become citizens We'll discuss the different kinds of scholarships you can win by becoming a National Merit Finalist (and what steps beyond the PSAT you need to take to become one), but for now, just know that if you want to win a National Merit Scholarship, you must take the PSAT NMSQT in your junior year and do extremely well. The PSAT Is Great Practice for the SAT Taking the PSAT can be a great low-stakes way to see what taking a college entrance exam will be like. You can treat it as an extra chance to get used to standardized testing without having to worry about the scores affecting your college acceptance. Learning how you react to extended periods of focus on a test, how stressed you feel doing a math test without a calculator, what the time pressure is like- you can gather tons of different data points for future SAT/ACT prep by taking the PSAT. There are fewer and fewer schools these days, even among top-tier colleges and universities, that require all SAT scores sent (notable exceptions include Yale, Georgetown, UC Berkeley and Carnegie Mellon), so if you have the time and money, you can take the real SAT just to see what it's like and not worry about your scores. However, in most public high schools, taking the PSAT is free- or at least significantly cheaper than the SAT- and its administration is built into the school day (no need to waste half a Saturday). Bottom line: the PSAT is a fine way to dip your toe into the waters of college entrance tests at low cost but under realistic conditions. Dip your toe into the water of college entrance exams with the PSAT and the sands of standardized test experience will follow. PSAT Prep vs. SAT Prep: What's the Difference? While there's a lot that remains the same between the PSAT and the SAT (including the subject areas covered and test structure), there are a few major differences between the tests that lead to differences in PSAT prep compared to SAT prep. The most important difference between the two tests is that PSAT scores are not looked at by colleges, whereas SAT scores are very much an important factor in college admissions. It's possible to argue that colleges might consider your being a National Merit Semi-Finalist when looking at your application, which indirectly relates to your PSAT score, but the SAT vastly outweighs the PSAT in importance when it comes to college admission. Because of this, PSAT prep is lower stakes than SAT prep. Another key difference between the PSAT and SAT is that the PSAT has no essay section. While the SAT essay section is optional, and more and more schools are making it optional to send SAT essay scores, there are still a number of schools (mostly highly selective colleges) that do require you to take the SAT with the essay. Therefore, students prepping for the SAT and aiming for a high score to get into top-tier schools will need to spend some of that prep time learning how to write a high-scoring SAT essay. By contrast, students studying for the PSAT don't need to bother with essay prep. Overall, the PSAT is also a little easier than the SAT, both in terms of timing and content covered. With the exception of the Writing and Language section (which has the same number of questions and is the same length on the PSAT as on the SAT), there are fewer questions per section on the PSAT than the SAT. While you have the same time per question on PSAT Reading as on SAT Reading, there are fewer questions on each passage; and both PSAT Math sections give you more time per question while asking fewer questions than the SAT Math sections do. The cumulative result of these timing differences is that you need slightly less endurance to take the PSAT than the SAT- you only have to concentrate for an hour and 45 minutes instead of two full hours. Combined with having more time to answer each Math question, these timing differences between the PSAT and SAT mean that when prepping for the PSAT, you don't have to get as good at time management as you do for the SAT. Finally, there are subtle differences between the content covered on the PSAT and SAT. As we mention in this article comparing the PSAT and SAT, there may be slightly fewer big picture and inference questions and more detail-finding questions on the PSAT than on the SAT. In addition, the PSAT Math sections contain proportionally fewer questions that require geometric and trigonometric knowledge than do the SAT Math sections. Instead, PSAT Math includes more questions (compared to SAT Math questions) on the Passport to Advanced Math topic areas, like functions and linear and nonlinear systems of equations. Your PSAT prep will reflect this difference- instead of having to cover the SAT's harder topics (that you may not have yet learned in school as an 11th grader), you can spend more time perfecting a smaller number of skills. Now that we've discussed why you should take the PSAT at all and the differences between prepping for the PSAT and the SAT, we'll move on to the debate of whether or not to prep for the PSAT. Why Do PSAT Prep? With the College Board offering free SAT prep through Khan Academy and ACT, Inc. offering paid ACT prep, it's become pretty clear that even the testing companies themselves admit that prepping for the SAT and ACT will help you get a higher score. Because the PSAT is just a slightly easier, slightly shorter version of the SAT, it makes sense that you can prep for the PSAT and increase your score the same way you can with the SAT. Since PSAT scores aren't used in college applications, however, it can be harder to figure out whether or not it makes sense for you to prep for the PSAT. To help you decide, we've laid out the arguments for the three most compelling reasons to spend time prepping for the PSAT: qualifying for National Merit, focusing on one thing at a time, and getting ready for SAT prep. Reason 1: Qualifying for the National Merit Scholarship The number one reason students take the PSAT is to qualify for the National Merit Scholarship. We have a more detailed breakdown of how the National Merit Scholarship process works in this article, but basically what happens is that you take the PSAT NMSQT in the fall of your junior year to see if you can score well enough to become a National Merit Semifinalist (which is the first step on the road to becoming a National Merit Finalist and getting a National Merit Scholarship). As a National Merit Finalist, you can win a National Merit scholarship, a scholarship from your college, or a corporate scholarship. For more info on how to get each type of scholarships, read this article explaining how you can qualify for and win a National Merit scholarship. Let's now go back to the first step of the process, which happens when you take the PSAT NMSQT in the fall (usually October or early November) of your junior year. Your PSAT score qualifies you for National Merit depending on whether your score passes the cutoff for your state. The cutoff isn't announced officially by the College Board, but it can be inferred from students receiving notification that they have or haven't become a national merit semifinalist. You can find out what your state's National Merit cutoff score was last year here. By taking an official PSAT practice test or by comparing your sophomore year score on the PSAT to the cutoff score for your state, you can get a good idea of how much prep you'll need to score high enough to pass your state's cutoff score and become a National Merit Semi-Finalist. Aiming for a National Merit Scholarship but worried your score won't qualify? If you're not sure you can self-study your way to a qualifying PSAT score, you'll love our PSAT prep program, PrepScholar. We designed our program to learn your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics and customize your prep to be as effective as possible for you. When you start with PrepScholar, you’ll take a diagnostic that will determine your weaknesses in over forty PSAT skills. PrepScholar then creates a study program specifically customized for you. To improve each skill, you’ll take focused lessons dedicated to each skill, with over 20 practice questions per skill. This will train you for your specific area weaknesses, so your time is always spent most effectively to raise your score. We also force you to focus on understanding your mistakes and learning from them. If you make the same mistake over and over again, we'll call you out on it. There’s no other prep system out there that does it this way, which is why we get better score results than any other program on the market. Check it out today with a 5-day free trial: Reason 2: Focusing on One Test at a Time Because PSAT prep and SAT prep are so similar, many students who are aiming for National Merit either go straight to studying for the SAT as prep for the PSAT or try to study for both tests at once. Whether or not this is effective really depends on the individual student. Some students thrive by multitasking. Whether it's doing homework while listening to music and eating dinner or preparing to take multiple SAT subject tests on one day, these students get good results when they maximize their time by doing multiple things at once. For other students, however, having to prep for multiple things at once (particularly if they're academic or test-related things like the PSAT and SAT) is so stressful that it leads to poorer performance on everything. As an example: during college, I had multiple assignments I had to hand in at the end of each finals period. Rather than work a little on each assignment each day, I found it more effective for me to focus on one project at a time and get it out of the way before going on to the next. Similarly, depending on what kind of student you are, you may find that it's more helpful to start out by focusing just on the PSAT, getting that over and done with, and then moving on to study for the SAT. This "one thing at a time" strategy works well for students who have some time during sophomore year or the summer before junior year to set aside specifically for PSAT study. CAUTION: If you're just starting to study the fall of your junior year and your prep time is limited, you're better off going straight to SAT prep. If you have to choose between PSAT prep and SAT prep, the clear choice is SAT prep. It's only if you have the time to do both that you should consider prepping for the PSAT and SAT separately. If you're feeling overwhelmed by everything you have to do for college applications, it can be helpful to prep for one test at a time. Reason 3: Getting in Gear for SAT Prep One other benefit to prepping for the PSAT is that it put you in a good place for SAT prep. As we discuss in detail in this article comparing the PSAT and SAT, there are very few content differences between the PSAT and SAT (the main difference being in the math concepts covered and the increased length of the SAT). By prepping for the PSAT, you'll be more than 75% of the way there for the SAT. You won't be able to get away without doing any SAT-specific prep (particularly for those math topics that aren't on the PSAT), but the amount of work that you'll have to do is way less than those starting on SAT prep from scratch. If the "doing more prep now means less hard prep later" argument isn't convincing, think about it in non-test prep terms. Imagine that you want to learn how to play the piano by the end of junior year of high school. You have the option of learning how to play an electric keyboard first or just starting straight on the piano. Also, for some reason there's an electric keyboard competition the fall of your junior year that could lead to you winning money; it's only open to people playing the electric keyboard, though (not people playing the piano). Because the electric keyboard and piano are so similar, if you do start out by just teaching yourself to play the electric keyboard (what the notes are, how to read music, how to do different things with your right and left hands at once, etc), you'll be most of the way there to learning the piano; all you'll have to get used to is the bigger range and using the pedals. Or in test-prep terms, if you prep for the PSAT, you'll just need to learn any pre-calc math you hadn't learned when you took the PSAT and work on time management and endurance in order to prepare for the SAT. What if you're already studying for the SAT, or don't have the time to first study for the PSAT and then for the SAT? Going back to the analogy, if you already know how to play the piano, then you don't need to do intensive prep to teach yourself how to play the electric keyboard- you just need to do a practice test to make sure you get used to playing on a simpler instrument. Or in the case of the PSAT/SAT, if you've already studied for the SAT, you just need to take a PSAT practice test to make sure you're all set for that. Basically, if you prep for the PSAT, it'll help you prep for the SAT; if you're already prepping for the SAT, that will also prep you for the PSAT. While we've gone over some of the reasons students might want to prep for the PSAT, there are also cases in which PSAT prep is unnecessary and pointless. We'll get into these cases in the next section. When PSAT Prep is Unnecessary As we mentioned above, the main reason to take the PSAT (other than your school forcing you to take it) is to qualify to apply for a National Merit Scholarship. If you're not interested in qualifying (or are ineligible) for that National Merit Scholarship, then there is no point in doing pure PSAT prep. That doesn't mean you can't prep at all- you just should jump right into prepping for the SAT (or ACT) You can still treat the PSAT as a chance to take an official standardized test and get used to what sitting and concentrating for that long at once feels like, but there's no need to prep for the PSAT in particular. Another important point that we touched on earlier is that prepping for the SAT will help you with the PSAT. If you start to prep for the SAT before your junior year (when you'd take the PSAT NMSQT), any SAT prep you do will also prepare you for the PSAT. Of course, if you're not prepping for the SAT effectively, then you won't prep for the PSAT any more effectively. But, assuming you're putting in time and effort in the right way, if you're already prepping for the SAT, there's no need to do additional PSAT prep. Summary: Is PSAT Prep Right for You? Whether or not it makes sense for you to prep for the PSAT specifically (instead of just prepping for the SAT) depends on a few different factors. We've put these factors into a checklist you can go through below to see if prepping for the PSAT is the right call for you. Should You Study for the PSAT? YES, if... NO, if... You're hoping to qualify for National Merit You don't care about National Merit You work better when focusing on prepping for one test at a time You're already prepping for the SAT anyway You want to get a head start on prepping for the SAT but don't want to prep for the SAT because you haven't learned all the math you need to know for it yet You don't have the time and just want to focus on SAT prep If you checked off all "No" answers, there's no need to do any PSAT-specific prep; instead, you should turn all your prep energies toward studying for the SAT (or ACT). However, if you checked off any of the "Yes" reasons, then it's worth thinking about doing some prep for the PSAT in particular. What's Next? Doing well on the PSAT is just the first step to winning a National Merit Scholarship. Find out how the whole process works with our complete guide to becoming a National Merit Finalist and winning the scholarship. The PSAT NMSQT is only offered once each year in the fall, but what date is it this year? We tell you when the PSAT is and when you'll get your scores in this article. Curious what the PSAT looks like? Want to try your hand at a practice test? We have a complete list of all the free official practice tests the College Board has released here. Want to improve your PSAT score by 150 points? We have the industry's leading PSAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

Save Money in College 9 Useful Tips

Save Money in College 9 Useful Tips The college – or university – years can be considered a cruel time in one’s life: it’s when most students are on the cusp of adulthood, enjoying many of its perks and only some of its responsibilities; yet they’re also not quite adults, a majority of which are more like overgrown teenagers still dependent on their parents for financial stability, among other things. But, see, college tuition is quite expensive. It sets up many middle- and lower-class students for a lifetime of debt. This means these students generally want to graduate with a degree as quickly as possible, which implies they don’t have a great deal of time for making money – but rather a time for classes, homework, studying, taking exams, etc. So what little money students generally have (whether they’re given an allowance or have to work to support themselves), there are trying to hold on to it. The problem is this: ironically, due to the nature of the fundamental conflict most college students face – the aforementioned paradox – college can be a very thrilling, exciting time: being young, broke, healthy but feeling good about getting an education, as well as enjoying the many freedoms of adulthood. But, generally, being financially independent is not one of those freedoms college students get to enjoy.  This reality means being smart with money is even more crucial for the everyday student. 9 Proven Ways to Save Money in College: Set Up a Bank Account Quite a few banks offer college students free checking and saving accounts. This translates to avoiding fees on withdrawals as well as fund transfers; plus, with free checking, students aren’t penalized for having a certain amount, which is often the case with many banks. The student also benefits from having a bank account because they can monitor their own activity, especially with online banking. It helps them keep track of their money, when and where and how they’re spending it, and can help them save and plan as they move forward as adults. Save Receipts; Get Organized When one saves their receipts, they are essentially doing bookkeeping very much like a business would operate to keep tabs on their expenses, which is crucial for a business to grow and thrive. In order for a business to make money, it has to document and monitor spending so that it is not blindly losing money on things unnecessary. The same goes for any person. Perhaps it would be best if students were to record in a journal of all of their expenses, writing down information from their receipts to better budget and understand their spending habits. After a person begins seeing spending patterns, bad spending habits can be eliminated. Set a Budget – and Stick to it No Matter What Setting a budget is basically creating financial goals for certain periods of time. But what matters is adhering to these goals – all with the aim of ultimately saving money. Going back to keeping receipts: a student has to be cognizant of not only their financial obligations, such as paying bills and other required expenditures on time; they also have to be aware of their spending habits, such as going out to restaurants, spending money on retail, expensive outings, etc., so they can make sure they’re not being too frivolous with their spending. Most times, a student should set aside a certain amount of money each week for bills and necessary expenditures. But they should also cap a limit on the amount of money they can spend each week on other non-essential expenditures, like restaurant meals, drinks, and late-night food. Most importantly, to save money, students should put aside money each month that they will not spend – unless it’s an absolute emergen cy. Buy a Simple Phone Plan There are tons of affordable plans out there. But many plans are without Internet access, high-quality cameras, and voice-activated texting. And on a campus, that’s not a bad thing. The Internet can be accessed on almost every inch of a modern-day college campus. So, for those students trying to save money, who have to pay their own bills, it is most certainly a wise choice to buy a simple, cheap phone plan that has the most basic of functions. Buy that nice phone with the extensive plan after landing that first job out of college. Be patient – nicer things will come. Get a Job – It Helps Prioritize Time Again, it’s hard finding time to make money in college. But there are plenty of those who DO find the time. Some have no choice. They have to work to survive. It is very interesting to observe how the more things one has to accomplish in a day, the more they find they can get done. It’s all about time management. It’s about prioritizing what little time there is left in the day aside from classes and homework and studying. Remember: the more people work, the more they earn and save †¦ because they are not spending money while they earn it. Be Creative with (Legally) Obtaining Books for Courses There are numerous ways to obtain course textbooks in college without spending the required exorbitant amounts on brand-new ones. (Legal ways, of course; as in not stealing them.) For one, many books required for college courses – especially literature courses – can be rented from almost any library. On top of that, there are numerous resources that offer students the choice of renting most brand-new and mostly new textbooks for a very cheap price. In this case, the student only has to pay the semester-long rent fee and return the books in excellent condition at the close of the semester. Also, there is the option that students can form a sort of buddy system; they can find someone in their class with which they can share the price of the book needed for the course. Or they can just borrow a classmate’s book. Embrace Free Leisure Activities – Especially Those on Campus (The Ones That Are Deceptively Built into the Price of Tuition) Whether it’s using the campus-provided shuttle that takes students to nearby locations, spending time outside reading or engaging in other fun, free activities, or taking advantage of free on-campus events, such as concerts, talks and seminars and conferences, there’s no shortage of ways students can save money in college and still enjoy themselves. There are times for going out to restaurants; and there are times to stay at home and find creative ways to enjoy one’s time – activities that cost nothing. In other words, fun outings don’t have to cost a thing. Student Loans Can Help Save Money Short-Term The majority of students from lower- and middle-class families have to take out loans to afford college. Some academic institutions cost $30- $40,000 for two semesters; others – probably the majority – are about $15- $20,000 for two semesters. By taking out loans with banks, students can pay for their education years down the road, after they graduate, often in monthly payments, until they pay off their debt. So this way they DO save money while still in college, only they will owe more money over time to the bank because their loans will have accrued interest. (By the way, many students – through getting student loans to fund college – get to live on campus during these years without having to pay a cent. Most times this includes a meal plan, too. It makes sense. But it depends on the student’s financial needs and/or limitations.) Or, Live off Campus and Get Roomies Then, there’s the option of living off campus, in cheap housing, sharing the rent with roommates. It’s a wise choice for those who can afford to pay the rent, either on their own or with the help of their parents.

Internet-Based Buyer or Seller Pricing Perspective Essay

Internet-Based Buyer or Seller Pricing Perspective - Essay Example Internet has changed the business environment from a Market place to a Market space. Online business has much wider scopes than offline businesses because of the wider reach-ability of it. The advent of the Internet has brought about dynamic pricing, which varies from consumer to consumer. In addition, the Internet has created price transparency that allows both buyers and sellers to view all competitive prices. This paper briefly analyses Internet-Based business and pricing of goods from a buyers perspective Barkley et al (n. d) have mentioned that by decreasing marketing, communication, and information costs and increasing access to lower cost suppliers and services, internet purchasing will help a person to buy goods for cheaper rates compared the supermarket prices (Barkley et al, n.d, p.1). It is a fact that goods purchased through internet are cheaper in price compared to the goods purchased from a dealer or shop. This is because of the fact that the dealer needs to pay various kinds of taxes to the government whereas the ecommerce site owners need not pay taxes to the government. The reduction in tax burden will encourage the ecommerce business people to offer cheaper prices to products compared to that purchased from a shop or supermarket. Recently, I have purchased a microwave oven from a supermarket. After bringing that in my home, one of my friends told me that the price of the oven was little on the higher side compared to the prices offered by the ecommerce people. I checked the prices of the same model in the internet and realized that I lost around $25 in that small deal itself. The emergence of Internet platform for business purposes has changed many of the traditional means and approaches of businesses. Companies started to devise cost effective ways to encourage their internet based businesses considering the immense advantages it provides to them compared to the

Field Work Experience Within HR Department Essay

Field Work Experience Within HR Department - Essay Example This essay intends to provide a vivid description of the field work experience obtained in a LNG company (Liquefied Natural Gas) named Liquefied Natural Gas Limited. The researcher of the essay illuminates the different managerial practices in the organization detailing out the individual as well as corporate strategies undertaken by the organization to earn its competitive domain globally. Moreover, the field work also helps in identifying the major areas of discrepancies, which if rectified can help the company gain corporate excellence. The LNG is an Australian company having its headquarters in Perth in Western Australia. The company operates in three sectors namely oil and gas project development, investing in existing oil and gas discoveries and technology development and licensing. Liquefied Natural Gas Limited has a corporate strategy to become the leader in the mid-scale LNG sector. The company also plans to supply fast-track energy related solutions to the gas suppliers and energy users who do not have proper gas supply. The company has been managing its resources quiet well through proper decision making. The managerial approaches have largely been observed to be positive. However, the researcher concluds that human resource management related activities in the company should be monitored much more efficiently. Through the regular training and monitoring of the employees, the company will be able to upgrade the employee knowledge base as well as develop its competitive advantage.